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شطرنج کا کھیل اور کرونا وائرس

ہم انسان کسی چیز کے پھیلنے کی رفتار کو عام طور پر صرف ایک ہی نقطہ نظر سے دیکھتے ہیں۔ ہم سمجھتے ہیں کہ جو چیز پہلے دن ایک ہے وہ دوسرے دن دو اور تیسرے دن تین ہوگی۔۔۔ اور ایسے ہی سات دن بعد یہ تعداد سات ہوگی۔ کسی چیز کے اس طرح بڑھنے کو linear growth کہتے ہیں۔

ہمارے ارد گرد اکثر چیزیں ایسے ہی بڑھتی ہیں۔ لیکن ہماری عام سمجھ کے برعکس عام جراثیم اور وائرس exponential growth کرتے ہیں۔ کسی چیز کے اس طرح پھیلنے پر اس کی تعداد ہر کچھ عرصے بعد دگنی ہو جاتی ہے۔ اور ایسا ہو سکتا ہے کہ اگر کسی چیز کی تعداد آج ایک ہے، کل دو، پرسو چار، اور تین دن بعد آٹھ، اور یوں ساتویں دن یہ تعداد چونسٹھ ہو جائے گی۔


Exponential
Growth
Linear
Growth
دن
1
1
پہلا دن
2
2
دوسرا دن
4
3
تیسرا دن
8
4
چوتھا دن
16
5
پانچواں دن
32
6
چھٹا دن
64
7
ساتواں دن

ضروری نہیں کہ کرونا کے مریضوں کی تعداد ہر آنے والے دن دگنی ہو جائے۔ کسی وائرس کے انسانوں میں پھیلنے کی رفتار میں بہت سے محرکات ہو سکتے ہیں جن سے مریضوں کی تعداد دگنی ہونے کا وقت مختلف ہو سکتا ہے۔ لیکن یہ بات طے ہے کہ مریضوں کی تعداد میں ازافہ exponential رفتار سے ہوتا ہے linear رفتار سے نہیں۔

اگر آپ کو ان دونوں طرح کے ازافوں میں کوئی خاص فرق نہیں لگتا تو آپ نے شاید ایک بادشاہ اور اس ذہین آدمی کی کہانی نہیں سنی ہوگی جس نے شطرنج کا کھیل ایجاد کیا تھا۔

کہانی کے مطابق، سیسا نامی ایک شخص نے جب شطرنج کا کھیل ایجاد کیا تو بادشاہ نے اسے اس کی مرضی کا انعام مانگنے کا کہا۔ سیسا نے سونا چاندی یا ہیرے جواہرات مانگنے کے بجائے یہ کہا کہ شطرنج کی بساط کے چونسٹھ خانے ہیں۔ پہلے دن پہلے خانے میں چاول کا ایک دانا رکھ کراسے دے دیا جائے اور دوسرے دن دوسرے خانے میں دو دانے رکھ کر دیں۔ پھر ہر روز ہر اگلے خانے میں پہلے سے دوگنے چاول رکھ کر اسے دے دئے جائیں۔ اور یوں شطرنج کی بساط کے چونسٹھ خانے پورے کر دیں۔

Photo source:Wikimedia Commons

دیکھنے میں تو یہ بڑا آسان سا کام لگ رہا تھا لیکن جب ایسا کرنے کی کوشش کی گئی تو شطرنج کی بساط کی چند لائنیں پوری کرنے پر پورے ملک سے چاول ہی ختم ہو گئے۔

یہ کہانی جھوٹی بھی ہو سکتی ہے لیکن سچ یہ ہے کہ اس طرح شطرنج کی بساط کے چونسٹھ خانے پورے کرنے کے لئے 18,446,744,073,709,600,000 چاول کے دانے چاہیے تھے۔ ٹنوں کے حساب سے دیکھا جائے تو یہ تقریبنا 1,317,624,576,694 ٹن چاول بنتے ہیں۔ جبکہ 2019 میں بھی پوری دنیا میں چاولوں کی پیداوار تقریبا 700،000،000 تھی۔ یعنی اس حساب سے یہ پوری دنیا کی سالانہ چاولوں کی 1800 سال کی پیداوار بنتی ہے۔ جبکہ کہانی ایک چاول کے دانے سے شروع ہوئی تھی۔

اسی طرح کرونا کے مریضوں کی تعداد بھی exponential رفطار سے بڑھتی ہے۔ لیکن شروع میں ہمیں اس صورت حال کی سنگینی کا اندازہ نہیں ہو رہا۔ اگر یہ سب ایسے ہی چلتا رہا تو جلد ہی ہمارا موجودہ صحت کا نظام بری طرح ناکام ہو جائے گا۔


اس لیے احتیاط کریں اور گھروں میں رہیں!





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