The practice of fasting, abstaining from some or all food and drink for a set period, has gained significant traction in recent years, fueled by claims of various health benefits. Beyond weight management, proponents suggest that fasting can enhance longevity, protect against neurodegenerative diseases, and even play a role in cancer prevention. At the heart of these potential benefits lies a fundamental cellular process known as autophagy, the body's intricate system for self-cleaning and recycling 1. This report delves into the fascinating connection between fasting and autophagy, exploring the molecular mechanisms that initiate this cellular renewal, the specific processes involved, and the compelling research linking it to various aspects of health and disease 1. The Spark of Self-Eating: How Fasting Initiates Autophagy at the Molecular Level The initiation of autophagy during fasting is a direct consequence of the cell's response to a reduction in available nutrients 2. W...
Are you confused about the terms BSN, BScN, Generic BSN, Post-RN, BS Nursing, and BSc Nursing? We receive many questions about these terms at PKN. This updated post will clarify these terms, especially in the context of recent changes in Pakistan. In short, the Generic BSN is a degree program for individuals who wish to join the nursing profession after 12 years of schooling, while the Post-RN BScN is a degree program for nurses who already have a three-year diploma in nursing. Generic BSN The Generic BSN is an ideal option for those who want to enter the nursing profession in Pakistan. Previously, another option to join the nursing profession was the 3-year diploma in general nursing. However, according to the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan's policies, the diploma in nursing was phased out across Pakistan in 2018. The Generic BSN is a 4-year degree program followed by a one-year internship. An internship involves practical nursing practice in a hospital u...